Eurofound's EU PolicyWatch collates information on the responses of government and social partners to the COVID-19 crisis, the war in Ukraine, rising inflation, as well as gathering examples of company practices aimed at mitigating the social and economic impacts.
Overview of measures by target group – category: Citizens
Eurofound has identified 176 measures for this target group. Most of these measures fall into the category Measures to prevent social hardship (78%).
Ensuring business continuity and support for essential services |
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14 September 2022 |
Information sessions on employing beneficiaries of temporary protection for employers
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 September 2022 |
Informing beneficiaries of temporary protection on access to the labour market
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
23 August 2022 Updated |
Portal to help Ukrainian refugees find employment
Poland, Other initiatives or policies |
23 August 2022 |
Relaxation of rules for hiring Ukrainian refugee teachers
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
11 August 2022 |
Recruitment of health professionals fleeing the war in Ukraine
Luxembourg, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
23 May 2022 |
Public employment service information support measures for Ukrainian refugees
Belgium, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 Updated |
Identifying Finnish companies to employ refugees
Finland, Other initiatives or policies |
19 May 2022 |
EU: Faster and simpler recognition of refugees' professional qualifications
European Union, Non-binding recommendations or other texts |
18 May 2022 |
Job Dashboard and recruitment events for citizens of Ukraine
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
17 May 2022 |
Border guards and police to issue certificates that grant the right to work for persons applying for temporary protection
Finland, Other initiatives or policies |
17 May 2022 |
JobguideUkraine.dk helps Ukrainian refugees find employment
Denmark, Other initiatives or policies |
05 May 2022 |
Support measures for students, doctoral candidates, researchers, teachers of Ukraine
Italy, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
04 May 2022 |
Access to the labour market for Ukrainian refugees
Belgium, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
25 April 2022 |
Jobs4UA.cz: A platform for Ukrainian jobseekers
Czechia, Other initiatives or policies |
Supporting businesses to stay afloat |
20 May 2022 |
Loans for start-ups of Ukrainian refugees
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Income protection beyond short-time work |
05 July 2020 |
Income support for returning Romanian migrant workers, youth and elderly
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Benefits for children of foreigners
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 Updated |
In-kind support and financial support for Ukrainian artists
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 May 2022 |
Access to basic social assistance, students assistance, and health insurance for Ukrainian refugees
Germany, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
06 May 2022 |
Access to social benefits for Ukrainian refugees: Support for families and individuals
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Measures to prevent social hardship |
22 October 2021 |
A_Rede - Online platform to support refugee families to find housing
Portugal, Other initiatives or policies |
29 September 2022 Updated |
Reimbursement by state to municipalities for services provided to Ukrainian refugees
Finland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 September 2022 |
Guidance on "Safe Homes" for Ukrainian refugees
European Union, Non-binding recommendations or other texts |
17 September 2022 |
To protect Ukrainian refugees from human trafficking
European Union, Non-binding recommendations or other texts |
15 September 2022 |
Freedom School opened for Ukrainian pupils in Estonia
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
14 September 2022 Updated |
Preparing teachers to address needs of Ukrainian children
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 September 2022 |
Access to university education for beneficiaries of temporary protection
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 September 2022 Updated |
Access to basic education for beneficiaries of temporary protection
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 September 2022 Updated |
Ensuring access to unallocated public housing for Ukrainian refugees
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 September 2022 |
Camp support measure for the integration of Ukrainian and Estonian children
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
13 September 2022 |
Regulation on vaccination of foreign nationals in the context of temporary protection
Portugal, Other initiatives or policies |
13 September 2022 Updated |
Duration of health insurance for persons with temporary protection
Bulgaria, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 September 2022 |
Temporary protection
Portugal, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
12 September 2022 |
Portugal For Ukraine - Support platform
Portugal, Other initiatives or policies |
11 September 2022 |
Easy access to the labour market for Ukrainian refugees
Denmark, Tripartite agreements |
09 September 2022 Updated |
Carpathian Emergency Response Fund for Ukrainians - NGO
Hungary, Other initiatives or policies |
06 September 2022 |
Extraordinary subsidy to support families from Ukraine
Czechia, Other initiatives or policies |
12 August 2022 |
Ukraine Community Crisis Centre Malta
Malta, Other initiatives or policies |
11 August 2022 |
Provision of cancer treatment for Ukrainian refugees
Malta, Other initiatives or policies |
11 August 2022 |
Regulation on medical care for displaced persons from Ukraine
Netherlands, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
03 July 2023 |
Latvian state-funded healthcare for Ukrainian civilians
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
03 July 2023 |
Support from a social mentor to help Ukrainian refugees
Latvia, Other initiatives or policies |
28 June 2022 |
Measures introduced to support Ukrainian refugees access education
Ireland, Other initiatives or policies |
06 June 2023 |
Granting support and humanitarian assistance to foreign citizens or stateless persons in special situations
Romania, Other initiatives or policies |
03 June 2022 Updated |
Budapest Helps: Website with information for refugees
Hungary, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
03 June 2022 Updated |
Government information page and support for charities for Ukraine
Hungary, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
03 June 2022 Updated |
Healthcare services for Ukrainian refugees
Hungary, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
03 June 2022 Updated |
Education and childcare for Ukrainian refugee children
Hungary, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
02 June 2022 Updated |
Education measures for Ukrainian refugees
Austria, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
02 June 2022 Updated |
Inclusion of Ukrainian refugees in largest Austrian social health insurance
Austria, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
01 June 2022 Updated |
Language training and inclusion of people displaced from Ukraine
Norway, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
01 June 2022 Updated |
Childcare and education for people displaced from Ukraine
Norway, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
31 May 2022 |
National Health Service: Healthcare for citizens from Ukraine
Portugal, Other initiatives or policies |
31 May 2022 |
Financial support for accommodation of Ukrainian refugees
Portugal, Other initiatives or policies |
31 May 2022 |
Registration and fostering of unaccompanied Ukrainian minors
Portugal, Other initiatives or policies |
30 May 2022 Updated |
Trade union opens temporary reception centres for refugees from Ukraine
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
24 May 2022 Updated |
Initial accommodation and meals for Ukrainian refugees
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
24 May 2022 Updated |
Financial support for free accommodation for Ukrainian civilians
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
23 May 2022 |
Flemish financial support for municipalities to provide housing for Ukrainian refugees
Belgium, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
23 May 2022 |
Free regional public transport for Ukrainian refugees
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
22 May 2022 Updated |
Temporary protection status for Ukrainian refugees
Hungary, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Mental health support for refugees from Ukraine
European Union, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 |
Access to education for people from Ukraine
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Free healthcare offered by LUX MED for refugees from Ukraine
Poland, Company practices |
20 May 2022 Updated |
Access to social services for vulnerable refugees from Ukraine
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
State energy company provides humanitarian aid for refugees from Ukraine
Poland, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 |
City of Ciechanów exempts private hosts of refugees from real estate tax
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 Updated |
Compensations for providing housing to Ukrainian citizens free of charge
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Cash social assistance to foreigners
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Psychosocial support for Ukrainian refugees: A telephone hotline
Greece, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 Updated |
Social Insurance Institution ZUS provides accommodation for Ukrainian refugees
Poland, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 |
Compensation for child’s education under temporary protection
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Fundraiser of Polish business associations for Ukraine
Poland, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 |
One-off settlement allowance for refugees under temporary protection
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Granting temporary protection to Ukrainian citizens in the Republic of Lithuania
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Food cards for Ukrainian refugees
Lithuania, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 |
Integration of Ukrainian refugee children into the Greek education system
Greece, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Medical assistance for people from Ukraine
Romania, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 |
International humanitarian aid HUB in Lower Silesia
Poland, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 Updated |
Lesser Poland Humanitarian Shield
Poland, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 |
Temporary protection extended to persons arriving before the invasion
Sweden, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
19 May 2022 |
Labour market access for refugees from Ukraine
Luxembourg, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
19 May 2022 |
Temporary protection for refugees from Ukraine implemented
Luxembourg, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
19 May 2022 |
Exemptions in building regulations to facilitate temporary housing for refugees
Sweden, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
19 May 2022 Updated |
Provision of temporary accommodation for refugees from Ukraine
Luxembourg, Other initiatives or policies |
19 May 2022 |
Higher education opportunities for Ukrainians fleeing the war
Finland, Other initiatives or policies |
19 May 2022 |
The EU stands in solidarity with refugees from Ukraine
European Union, Non-binding recommendations or other texts |
19 May 2022 |
Support for vulnerable groups to cope with increasing costs
Estonia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
19 May 2022 |
Emergency shelter for refugees
Luxembourg, Other initiatives or policies |
19 May 2022 Updated |
Extension of temporary residence permits and visas for Ukrainians
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
19 May 2022 Updated |
Temporary accommodation of refugees from Ukraine in hotels and organized apartments
Cyprus, Other initiatives or policies |
19 May 2022 |
Schooling of Ukrainian children in public schools
Cyprus, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Reception and accommodation centres for Ukrainian refugees
Greece, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Municipalities offer special courses for Ukrainian children in primary school
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Basic integration training programme for Ukrainian refugees
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Access to childcare and education for Ukrainian refugees
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Group counselling on various subjects for Ukrainian refugees
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
18 May 2022 |
Enrolment in kindergarten or school for Ukrainian children
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
18 May 2022 Updated |
Psychological assistance for Ukrainian refugees
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
18 May 2022 |
Free public transport for Ukrainian refugees
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
18 May 2022 |
One-time payment to support Ukrainian refugee children starting school
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
18 May 2022 |
Social security numbers and residence for Ukrainian refugees
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Integrated Information Portal for Ukraine
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
18 May 2022 |
Refugee accommodation allowance
Slovakia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Providing healthcare for refugees from Ukraine
Slovakia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 May 2022 |
Free initial health checks for Ukrainian refugees
Estonia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 May 2022 |
Financial support for refugees for moving to long-term accommodation
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
17 May 2022 |
New portals to provide long-term accommodation for Ukrainian refugees
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
17 May 2022 |
Food assistance for Ukrainian refugees
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 May 2022 |
Refugee Reception Centres for the care of people from Ukraine
Spain, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 May 2022 |
Easement of formalities for Ukrainian refugees
Spain, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
16 May 2022 |
Subsidy scheme for private landlords housing Ukrainian refugees
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
16 May 2022 |
Access to health services for Ukrainians with temporary residence permits
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
16 May 2022 |
Temporary residence permit for displaced people from Ukraine
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
16 May 2022 Updated |
Assistance for accommodation and food for persons from Ukraine
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
13 May 2022 Updated |
Access to the labour market for Ukrainian refugees
Slovenia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 May 2022 Updated |
Access to childcare and education for Ukrainian refugees
Slovenia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 May 2022 Updated |
Access to healthcare for Ukrainian refugees
Slovenia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 May 2022 Updated |
Income support and other humanitarian measures for Ukrainian refugees
Slovenia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 May 2022 Updated |
Accommodation of refugees from Ukraine
Slovenia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 May 2022 Updated |
Material need benefits for refugees from Ukraine
Slovakia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 May 2022 Updated |
Unions' household insurance scheme to cover refugees
Norway, Other initiatives or policies |
11 May 2022 Updated |
Benefits for people who help to house and feed refugees
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
11 May 2022 |
Subsidy for social services to assist people from Ukraine
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
11 May 2022 |
Reception and settlement of people displaced from Ukraine
Norway, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
11 May 2022 |
Our Ukrainians website: nasiukrajinci.cz
Czechia, Other initiatives or policies |
10 May 2022 Updated |
Federal financial support for accommodation, schooling, childcare and care for Ukrainian refugees
Germany, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
10 May 2022 |
Ukraine: Expansion of the public accommodation programme
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 May 2022 |
Solidarity subsidy for people accommodating Ukrainian refugees
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 May 2022 |
Housing supplement for low income households extended to Ukrainian refugees
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 May 2022 Updated |
Temporary protection visas for Ukrainian nationals
Cyprus, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
06 May 2022 |
Access to the labour market and medical care for Ukrainian refugees
Greece, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
06 May 2022 |
Access to healthcare for Ukrainian refugees
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
06 May 2022 |
Refugee accommodation allowance for persons and entities hosting refugees free of charge
Slovakia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
06 May 2022 Updated |
Reception of Ukrainian refugees
Italy, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
05 May 2022 Updated |
Setting up new accommodation for refugees from Ukraine in Dutch regions
Netherlands, Other initiatives or policies |
05 May 2022 |
Refugeehelp.nl: A webpage for refugees and helpers
Netherlands, Other initiatives or policies |
04 May 2022 |
Additional financial resources for social services
Belgium, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
02 May 2022 |
Emergency humanitarian allowance for Ukrainian refugees
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
01 May 2022 Updated |
Social rights and assistance for refugees from Ukraine
Croatia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
26 April 2022 |
Temporary protection visas for Ukrainian refugees
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
25 April 2022 |
Intensive language courses for Ukrainian children
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
21 April 2022 |
Access to higher education for Ukrainian students and to employment for teachers and scientists
Croatia, Other initiatives or policies |
14 April 2023 |
Social services and social assistance for Ukrainian civilians
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
12 April 2022 Updated |
Temporary protection in Croatia for displaced persons from Ukraine
Croatia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
11 April 2022 |
'Croatia for Ukraine' - Website with relevant information for Ukrainian refugees
Croatia, Other initiatives or policies |
11 April 2022 |
Government funded private accommodation for Ukrainian refugees
Croatia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
11 April 2022 Updated |
One-off assistance to persons displaced from Ukraine
Bulgaria, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 April 2020 Updated |
Regularisation of immigrants' presence on national territory
Portugal, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
01 March 2023 |
Information package on education in Ukrainian
Finland, Other initiatives or policies |
28 February 2023 |
Integration of Ukrainian refugees in the HELIOS support program
Greece, Other initiatives or policies |
22 February 2023 |
Support for Ukrainian citizens, foreigners or stateless persons from the zone of armed conflict in Ukraine
Romania, Other initiatives or policies |
22 February 2023 |
Refugees from Ukraine to pay for food and accommodation in Poland
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
22 February 2023 |
Preventing human traffic
Romania, Other initiatives or policies |
22 February 2023 |
PRIMERO - application for monitoring children coming from Ukraine
Romania, Other initiatives or policies |
21 February 2023 |
Healthy Ireland Ukrainian Resilience Fund
Ireland, Other initiatives or policies |
12 January 2022 Updated |
New system for registration of temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees
Bulgaria, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
05 January 2022 |
Adaptation courses for Ukrainian children aged 3 to 15
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
17 September 2022 |
EU guidance: Need to help war refugees access jobs and training
European Union, Non-binding recommendations or other texts |
09 September 2022 Updated |
European Social Fund to help Ukrainian refugees find employment
Sweden, Other initiatives or policies |
09 September 2022 |
Additional funding for language training program for refugees
Sweden, Other initiatives or policies |
07 September 2022 |
Temporary exemption work permit for displaced persons from Ukraine
Netherlands, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
08 August 2022 Updated |
Free Croatian language courses for Ukrainian refugees
Croatia, Other initiatives or policies |
23 May 2022 Updated |
Easing access to employment for Ukrainian refugees
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Pathways to integration through economic activity for Ukrainian refugees
France, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 Updated |
Work permit for Ukrainian refugees
France, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Simplified procedure for employing Ukrainian citizens
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 Updated |
Helping Refugees: Measure 1 - Education and training of refugees
Slovakia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 Updated |
Helping Refugees - Career guidance
Slovakia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 May 2022 Updated |
Job portal for Ukrainian refugees
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
16 May 2022 |
Lidl offers jobs and language training to Ukrainians in Bulgaria
Bulgaria, Company practices |
13 May 2022 |
Employment rights for persons arriving from the armed conflict areas of Ukraine
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 May 2022 |
Simplified procedures for Ukrainian healthcare personnel
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
01 March 2023 |
Switch to Sweden: matching international talent
Sweden, Other initiatives or policies |
21 February 2023 |
Job fair for Ukrainian refugees
Belgium, Other initiatives or policies |
02 January 2023 |
Refugeework.nl
Netherlands, Other initiatives or policies |
30 January 2023
Governments across the EU continue to implement policies to support citizens and businesses in the face of rising food and energy prices caused by the COVID-19 crisis and intensified by the war in Ukraine. This article summarises the policy responses as reported in Eurofound's EU PolicyWatch database from January to September 2022.
Article12 September 2022
Although the worldwide pandemic situation had already disrupted supply chains and triggered increases in energy and food prices in 2021, the situation deteriorated in 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Article12 September 2022
This article summarises the first policy responses that governments across the EU have started to implement to support companies affected by the rising prices, and those with commercial ties to Ukraine, Russia or Belarus.
Article5 July 2022
This article summarises the first policy responses of EU Member States, including those of the social partners and other civil society actors, enabling refugees to exercise their rights under the Temporary Protection Directive.
ArticleDisclaimer: This information has not been subject to the full Eurofound evaluation, editorial and publication process.