Eurofound's EU PolicyWatch collates information on the responses of government and social partners to the COVID-19 crisis, the war in Ukraine, rising inflation, as well as gathering examples of company practices aimed at mitigating the social and economic impacts.
Overview of measures by country
Eurofound has identified 53 measures in Estonia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, the digital transformation, the green transition, and companies undergoing restructuring. Most cases fall into the category Measures to prevent social hardship with 11 cases (21%). The data collection to date started in March 2020, and data are updated at regular intervals.
This overview was prepared by Ingel Kadarik (Praxis Center for Policy Studies) and Eurofound.
Legislations or other statutory regulations |
|
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23 June 2022 |
Labour force and skills demand forecasts
Smoothing frictions or reallocation of workers |
23 June 2022 |
The right of employers to reduce salary and working time
Change of work arrangements (working time, rota schemes) |
Other initiatives or policies |
08 April 2020 |
Temporary job offers portal
Smoothing frictions or reallocation of workers |
Legislations or other statutory regulations |
|
---|---|
07 April 2020 |
Social tax payments for solo self-employed
Direct subsidies (full or partial) |
07 April 2020 Updated |
Interests on tax arrears suspended/reduced
Deferral of payments or liabilities |
07 April 2020 Updated |
Emergency loan and loan guarantee
Access to finance |
07 April 2020 Updated |
Support package for culture field
Direct subsidies (full or partial) |
08 April 2020 Updated |
Measures to support shipping companies
Direct subsidies (full or partial) |
10 July 2020 Updated |
Grants for SMEs and entrepreneurs in tourism, accommodation, catering, travel and commerce sectors
Direct subsidies (full or partial) |
13 July 2020 Updated |
Support in the field of education and youth
Direct subsidies (full or partial) |
23 June 2022 |
Internationalisation activities of the Estonian Business and Innovation Agency
Foreign trade related measures |
03 November 2022 |
Support for the diversification of economic activities in rural areas
Direct subsidies (full or partial) |
Legislations or other statutory regulations |
|
---|---|
07 April 2020 Updated |
Temporary subsidy programme
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
04 January 2021 Updated |
Compensation of employment costs in Ida-Virumaa and Harjumaa regions
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
23 June 2022 |
Benefits in case of employer insolvency
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
Bipartite collective agreements |
15 September 2020 |
Postponement of collectively agreed wage increases in transport sector
Wage flexibility |
Legislations or other statutory regulations |
|
---|---|
23 June 2022 |
Entrepreneurship related measures by the Estonian Business and Innovation Agency
Change of production/innovation |
23 June 2022 |
Digital diagnostic
Change of production/innovation |
15 September 2022 |
Support for investments in Ida-Viru business to move away from oil-shale production
Change of production/innovation |
Company practices |
28 October 2020 |
Punch started manufacturing disinfection products
Change of production/innovation |
03 November 2020 |
Contactless delivery and new services by Bolt
Change of production/innovation |
Company practices |
|
---|---|
29 October 2020 |
E-club by sport club Akros
Teleworking arrangements, remote working |
Legislations or other statutory regulations |
|
---|---|
07 April 2020 Updated |
Subsistence support for freelancers in creative industries
Extensions of income support to workers not covered by any kind of protection scheme |
08 April 2020 Updated |
Sick leave amendments
Paid sick leave |
13 July 2020 |
Support to collective leaders participating in the song and dance festival movement
Extensions of income support to workers not covered by any kind of protection scheme |
06 October 2020 |
Allowance for parents of children with special needs
Support for parents and carers (financial or in kind) |
Legislations or other statutory regulations |
|
---|---|
06 October 2020 |
Wage subsidy in agriculture
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
30 December 2020 |
New employment programme 2021-2023
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
23 December 2021 Updated |
COVID-19 pandemic response fund – Company grants
Support for spending, stimulus packages |
23 June 2022 |
Accrediting Prior Experiential Learning (APEL)
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
23 June 2022 |
Response service to collective redundancies
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
23 June 2022 |
Employment mediation service by Unemployment Insurance Fund
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
23 June 2022 |
Measures to prevent unemployment - work and study
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
14 September 2022 Updated |
Supporting the employment of a beneficiary of international protection
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
16 September 2022 |
Green skills to support the green transition of enterprises
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
03 November 2022 |
Temporary employment during the period of registration as unemployed
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
Other initiatives or policies |
17 May 2022 Updated |
Job portal for Ukrainian refugees
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
Legislations or other statutory regulations |
|
---|---|
15 September 2022 |
Universal electricity service: Price caps on electricity for households
Support for energy bills |
15 September 2022 |
Energy cost compensations for households
Support for energy bills |
15 September 2022 Updated |
Cut in excise duty rates of special purpose diesel fuel
Support for fuel expenses |
Other initiatives or policies |
15 September 2022 |
Emergency support for farmers affected by input prices and trade restrictions
Other |
22 February 2023 |
State support for nursing homes to cope with high energy prices
Support for energy bills |
30 January 2023
Governments across the EU continue to implement policies to support citizens and businesses in the face of rising food and energy prices caused by the COVID-19 crisis and intensified by the war in Ukraine. This article summarises the policy responses as reported in Eurofound's EU PolicyWatch database from January to September 2022.
Article12 September 2022
Although the worldwide pandemic situation had already disrupted supply chains and triggered increases in energy and food prices in 2021, the situation deteriorated in 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Article12 September 2022
This article summarises the first policy responses that governments across the EU have started to implement to support companies affected by the rising prices, and those with commercial ties to Ukraine, Russia or Belarus.
Article5 July 2022
This article summarises the first policy responses of EU Member States, including those of the social partners and other civil society actors, enabling refugees to exercise their rights under the Temporary Protection Directive.
ArticleDisclaimer: This information has not been subject to the full Eurofound evaluation, editorial and publication process.