Eurofound's EU PolicyWatch collates information on the responses of government and social partners to the COVID-19 crisis, the war in Ukraine, rising inflation, as well as gathering examples of company practices aimed at mitigating the social and economic impacts.
Overview of measures by target group – category: Citizens
Eurofound has identified 39 measures for this target group. Most of these measures fall into the category Measures to prevent social hardship (64%).
Reorientation of business activities |
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01 December 2020 |
Brewdog: Protecting staff, business and community
United Kingdom, Company practices |
16 November 2020 |
English language schools try to adapt during COVID-19
Malta, Company practices |
07 February 2021 Updated |
Autoliv starts to produce masks
Poland, Company practices |
Protection of workers, adaptation of workplace |
01 December 2020 |
Go4All - collaborative platform for remote working
Portugal, Company practices |
Income protection beyond short-time work |
14 July 2020 Updated |
Emergency income
Italy, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 April 2020 Updated |
'Disease carriers allowance' extended to high-risk groups
Sweden, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 January 2021 Updated |
Unemployment benefit for recent graduates
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Measures to prevent social hardship |
27 November 2020 |
Volunteers platform "Easy to help-Stay at home"
Latvia, Other initiatives or policies |
30 October 2020 Updated |
National Social Package: prevention of poverty and problematic household debt
Netherlands, Other initiatives or policies |
29 October 2020 |
Economic reactivation measures to face the impact of COVID-19 in the field of housing
Spain, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
05 October 2020 |
Temporary compensation for basic social assistance clients due to an epidemic outbreak
Finland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 July 2020 |
Additional financial support for people in precarious situations
Belgium, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
10 July 2020 Updated |
Hot meal vouchers for elderly
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
30 June 2021 |
Loan deduction for students who do not graduate on time due to COVID-19
Finland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
City of Ciechanów exempts private hosts of refugees from real estate tax
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Compensations for providing housing to Ukrainian citizens free of charge
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 May 2022 |
Food assistance for Ukrainian refugees
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 May 2022 |
One-time subsidy for energy bills of low-income households
Slovenia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 May 2022 |
Financial support for vulnerable groups
Greece, Other initiatives or policies |
12 May 2022 |
One-time payment for receivers of unemployment and social assistance and unemployment benefits
Germany, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
12 May 2022 |
Temporary increase in the minimum living income
Spain, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
11 May 2022 |
Food vouchers for vulnerable citizens
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
11 May 2022 |
Benefits for people who help to house and feed refugees
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
10 May 2022 |
Extra energy allowance for lower incomes
Netherlands, Other initiatives or policies |
09 May 2022 |
Allowance to cover elevated monthly housing costs for low-income households
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 April 2020 Updated |
Interest-free student loans
Hungary, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
16 April 2020 Updated |
Additional housing allowance scheme
Greece, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
15 April 2020 Updated |
Measures intended to give the debtor additional time to fulfill obligations
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
15 April 2020 |
Extension of social housing programmes
Spain, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 April 2020 |
Rent debt moratorium and access to financing for payment of rental debt
Spain, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 April 2020 Updated |
Urgent measures of food solidarity
Italy, Other initiatives or policies |
07 February 2021 |
“Alliance against COVID”: Joint action by the social partners GSEE and GSEVEE and the radio station Alpha989
Greece, Other initiatives or policies |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
11 October 2021 |
Training and employment for youth and people with a guaranteed minimum income
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
05 October 2020 |
One-time payment for welfare beneficiaries
Denmark, Other initiatives or policies |
13 July 2021 |
New Pathways to Work strategy as part of National Recovery Plan
Ireland, Other initiatives or policies |
01 June 2022 |
Monthly subsidy for families to counter inflation
Portugal, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Extension of heat check subsidy for economically vulnerable groups
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Subsidy for low-income employees
Italy, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
29 April 2022 |
Distribution of one-time bonus and tax refund cheques
Malta, Other initiatives or policies |
19 May 2022
This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2021 for 28 countries (the 27 EU Member States and Norway).
Publication24 June 2020
COVID-19: Policy responses across Europe
This report aims to present an overview of both large-scale government measures and collective agreements that impact on large groups of workers.
16 June 2022
Throughout 2021, the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, specific occupational health and safety rules were reintroduced due to increases in infection rates.
Article16 June 2022
Back to work after COVID-19: Testing, vaccines and green certificates
In the second pandemic year 2021, access to one's place of work was increasingly dependent on providing proof of either having been tested, vaccinated or recovered from COVID-19 in several countries.
Disclaimer: This information has not been subject to the full Eurofound evaluation, editorial and publication process.