Eurofound's EU PolicyWatch collates information on the responses of government and social partners to the COVID-19 crisis, the war in Ukraine, rising inflation, as well as gathering examples of company practices aimed at mitigating the social and economic impacts.
Overview of measures by type
Employment protection and retention |
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31 March 2020 Updated |
COVID-19 short-time work scheme
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
Employment protection and retention |
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08 January 2021 Updated |
Supporting unpaid workers
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
Ensuring business continuity and support for essential services |
10 September 2020 Updated |
COVID-19: Assistance for frontline workers in health care services
Remuneration and rewards for workers in essential services |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
10 September 2020 Updated |
Support for medium-sized enterprises
Measures to support a gradual relaunch of work |
16 July 2020 Updated |
Measure: 'Employment for you': subsidised employment for hiring unemployed
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
Employment protection and retention |
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06 October 2020 Updated |
New temporary tripartite agreement on work sharing
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
15 April 2020 Updated |
Tripartite agreement on wage compensation in the private sector
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
12 October 2021 |
New wage subsidy scheme for apprentices, students, and companies
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
Protection of workers, adaptation of workplace |
10 January 2022 |
Tripartite agreement and Act allowing companies to require corona passports and self-testing
Occupational health and safety |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
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02 October 2020 |
Guidelines for the support of people with special needs
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
15 September 2020 |
Pact for German Rail
Support for spending, stimulus packages |
Protection of workers, adaptation of workplace |
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24 July 2020 Updated |
Return to Work Safely Protocol
Occupational health and safety |
Protection of workers, adaptation of workplace |
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12 April 2021 |
Updated measures for preventing contagion in workplaces
Occupational health and safety |
12 April 2021 |
Protocol for vaccination in the workplace
Well-being of workers |
Employment protection and retention |
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06 January 2021 Updated |
New dispositions on partial unemployment
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
Ensuring business continuity and support for essential services |
30 November 2020 |
Tripartite agreement in the aviation sector foresees redeployment and early retirement of workers
Smoothing frictions or reallocation of workers |
10 November 2020 |
Temporary employee-sharing between LUXAIR and other firms
Smoothing frictions or reallocation of workers |
Measures to prevent social hardship |
13 May 2022 |
Adjustment of the rent subsidy
Keeping or obtaining a safe home |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
30 November 2020 Updated |
Unions want to speed up tripartite national social dialogue
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
15 May 2022 |
Subsidy for costs of electricity and gas for high-energy intensive companies
Responses to inflation |
14 September 2020 |
Negotiations by the Tripartite coordination committee on the COVID-19 crisis
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
Protection of workers, adaptation of workplace |
06 November 2020 |
New regulation on a series of occupational health and safety measures in the fight against COVID-19
Occupational health and safety |
Employment protection and retention |
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03 April 2020 Updated |
COVID-19 wage supplement
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
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13 August 2020 |
Tripartite Declaration of Commitment to jointly promote the economic and social recovery
Other |
Protection of workers, adaptation of workplace |
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08 October 2021 |
The obstruction of the tripartite social dialogue
Other |
Employment protection and retention |
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09 February 2021 |
Fourth tripartite agreement in defense of employment
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
11 October 2021 |
VI Social Agreement in Defense of Employment
Income support for people in employment (e.g., short-time work) |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
01 November 2020 |
Tripartite Social Dialogue Agreement in Cantabria in the face of COVID-19
Support for spending, stimulus packages |
08 August 2021 |
Regional Pact of Social Dialogue for the Economic and Social Reactivation of the Region of Murcia
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
30 October 2020 |
Extraordinary plan for the economic recovery of Castilla-La Mancha due to the COVID-19 crisis
Active labour market policies (enhancing employability, training, subsidised job creation, etc.) |
30 October 2020 |
Agreement for the Social and Economic Reactivation of Andalusia
Support for spending, stimulus packages |
06 July 2020 |
Tripartite agreement for economic reactivation and employment
Other |
05 June 2020 |
Tripartite agreement to extend the special unemployment protection scheme associated to temporary collective redundancy or short-time work regulation
Flexibilisation and security |
Protection of workers, adaptation of workplace |
02 October 2020 |
Tripartite agreement for the prevention of occupational hazards in the Madrid Region
Occupational health and safety |
19 May 2022
This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2021 for 28 countries (the 27 EU Member States and Norway).
Publication24 June 2020
COVID-19: Policy responses across Europe
This report aims to present an overview of both large-scale government measures and collective agreements that impact on large groups of workers.
16 June 2022
Throughout 2021, the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, specific occupational health and safety rules were reintroduced due to increases in infection rates.
Article16 June 2022
Back to work after COVID-19: Testing, vaccines and green certificates
In the second pandemic year 2021, access to one's place of work was increasingly dependent on providing proof of either having been tested, vaccinated or recovered from COVID-19 in several countries.
Disclaimer: This information has not been subject to the full Eurofound evaluation, editorial and publication process.