Eurofound's EU PolicyWatch collates information on the responses of government and social partners to the COVID-19 crisis, the war in Ukraine, rising inflation, as well as gathering examples of company practices aimed at mitigating the social and economic impacts.
Overview of measures by target group – category: Citizens
Eurofound has identified 20 measures for this target group. Most of these measures fall into the category Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery (55%).
Ensuring business continuity and support for essential services |
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16 April 2020 Updated |
Removal of income ceiling for student aid to facilitate work in essential services
Sweden, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 April 2020 |
Temporary and exceptional support to the emergency reinforcement of public and solidary health and social care services
Portugal, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Supporting businesses to stay afloat |
13 July 2020 Updated |
Support in the field of education and youth
Estonia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Reorientation of business activities |
16 November 2020 |
English language schools try to adapt during COVID-19
Malta, Company practices |
Measures to prevent social hardship |
30 June 2021 |
Loan deduction for students who do not graduate on time due to COVID-19
Finland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Access to education for people from Ukraine
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Access to childcare and education for Ukrainian refugees
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 April 2020 Updated |
Interest-free student loans
Hungary, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
10 April 2020 Updated |
One-time solidarity allowance for retired persons, large families and other vulnerable groups
Slovenia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
13 December 2021 |
Walking beside – Support for youth employment
Finland, Other initiatives or policies |
30 October 2020 Updated |
National Social Package: stimulating youth employment
Netherlands, Other initiatives or policies |
12 October 2021 |
Aarhus municipality establishes new initiatives with the goal of alleviating unemployment among young academics
Denmark, Other initiatives or policies |
11 October 2021 |
Training and employment for youth and people with a guaranteed minimum income
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
07 October 2020 |
Supporting the labour market integration of young people - internships ATIVAR.PT
Portugal, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
06 October 2020 |
Financial support for the hiring of young unemployed - Incentive ATIVAR.PT
Portugal, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 September 2020 |
Negotiations by the Tripartite coordination committee on the COVID-19 crisis
Luxembourg, Tripartite agreements |
10 September 2020 |
Support for self-employment of people with disabilities
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
13 July 2021 |
New Pathways to Work strategy as part of National Recovery Plan
Ireland, Other initiatives or policies |
09 July 2021 |
Summer business package to boost economy and holiday activities
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
16 January 2022 |
Governmental investments in green jobs
Sweden, Other initiatives or policies |
19 May 2022
This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2021 for 28 countries (the 27 EU Member States and Norway).
Publication24 June 2020
COVID-19: Policy responses across Europe
This report aims to present an overview of both large-scale government measures and collective agreements that impact on large groups of workers.
16 June 2022
Throughout 2021, the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, specific occupational health and safety rules were reintroduced due to increases in infection rates.
Article16 June 2022
Back to work after COVID-19: Testing, vaccines and green certificates
In the second pandemic year 2021, access to one's place of work was increasingly dependent on providing proof of either having been tested, vaccinated or recovered from COVID-19 in several countries.
Disclaimer: This information has not been subject to the full Eurofound evaluation, editorial and publication process.