Eurofound's EU PolicyWatch collates information on the responses of government and social partners to the COVID-19 crisis, the war in Ukraine, rising inflation, as well as gathering examples of company practices aimed at mitigating the social and economic impacts.
Overview of measures by target group – category: Citizens
Eurofound has identified 66 measures for this target group. Most of these measures fall into the category Measures to prevent social hardship (58%).
Ensuring business continuity and support for essential services |
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24 September 2020 Updated |
New health and safety regulation for the schools
Italy, Other initiatives or policies |
Supporting businesses to stay afloat |
13 July 2020 Updated |
Support in the field of education and youth
Estonia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
10 January 2021 |
COVID-19: Extra funding for school camps
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Protection of workers, adaptation of workplace |
01 December 2020 |
Go4All - collaborative platform for remote working
Portugal, Company practices |
14 September 2020 |
Teaching unions' coronavirus online information hubs
United Kingdom, Other initiatives or policies |
11 February 2022 Updated |
COVID-19 self-testing by pupils and students in primary and secondary schools
Croatia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Income protection beyond short-time work |
13 September 2022 |
Family allowance for children and young people extended to non-nationals
Portugal, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 July 2020 Updated |
Lump-sum payments for unemployed and children
Austria, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
03 July 2020 |
A lump sum payment for children on top of child benefit
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Benefits for children of foreigners
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
06 May 2022 |
Access to social benefits for Ukrainian refugees: Support for families and individuals
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
12 April 2020 Updated |
COVID-19: Assistance for parents taking unpaid leave due to a state of emergency
Bulgaria, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
07 April 2020 Updated |
Care allowance during emergency period for homeschooling 6 to 13 year-old children
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
11 January 2021 Updated |
Assistance for families with children at home during COVID-19
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
10 January 2021 Updated |
Child benefit top-up
Germany, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 January 2022 |
Care allowance in case of emergency measures during the epidemic
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Measures to prevent social hardship |
25 November 2020 Updated |
United against COVID-19: Campaign to fund projects for vulnerable people
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
05 October 2021 |
Freedom Pass: Data
Greece, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
02 October 2020 Updated |
COVID-19 protocol to ensure the safety of care transport
Netherlands, Other initiatives or policies |
22 September 2021 Updated |
Temporarily increased housing allowance for families with children
Sweden, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 September 2022 Updated |
Preparing teachers to address needs of Ukrainian children
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 September 2022 Updated |
Access to basic education for beneficiaries of temporary protection
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 September 2022 |
Camp support measure for the integration of Ukrainian and Estonian children
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
09 September 2022 |
Tuition fee subsidy for children up to 4 years old
Cyprus, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
06 September 2022 |
Extraordinary subsidy to support families from Ukraine
Czechia, Other initiatives or policies |
28 June 2022 |
Measures introduced to support Ukrainian refugees access education
Ireland, Other initiatives or policies |
11 June 2023 |
EU helps rebuild education infrastructure in Ukraine
European Union, Other initiatives or policies |
03 June 2022 Updated |
Education and childcare for Ukrainian refugee children
Hungary, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
02 June 2022 Updated |
Education measures for Ukrainian refugees
Austria, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
31 May 2022 |
Registration and fostering of unaccompanied Ukrainian minors
Portugal, Other initiatives or policies |
20 May 2022 |
Access to education for people from Ukraine
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 Updated |
Access to social services for vulnerable refugees from Ukraine
Romania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Compensation for child’s education under temporary protection
Lithuania, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
20 May 2022 |
Integration of Ukrainian refugee children into the Greek education system
Greece, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
19 May 2022 |
Support for vulnerable groups to cope with increasing costs
Estonia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
19 May 2022 |
Schooling of Ukrainian children in public schools
Cyprus, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
19 May 2022 |
Reception of pupils from Ukraine in international state schools
Luxembourg, Other initiatives or policies |
18 May 2022 |
Municipalities offer special courses for Ukrainian children in primary school
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Access to childcare and education for Ukrainian refugees
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
18 May 2022 |
Enrolment in kindergarten or school for Ukrainian children
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
18 May 2022 Updated |
Psychological assistance for Ukrainian refugees
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
18 May 2022 |
One-time payment to support Ukrainian refugee children starting school
Estonia, Other initiatives or policies |
13 May 2022 Updated |
Access to childcare and education for Ukrainian refugees
Slovenia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
01 May 2022 Updated |
Social rights and assistance for refugees from Ukraine
Croatia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
26 April 2021 |
One time benefit for each child
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
25 April 2022 |
Intensive language courses for Ukrainian children
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 April 2023 |
Extraordinary guardianship for the minors from Ukraine
Latvia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
14 April 2020 Updated |
Campaign 'Safe at home'
Austria, Non-binding recommendations or other texts |
13 April 2020 Updated |
COVID-19 family hardship fund and family crisis fund
Austria, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
22 February 2023 |
Preventing human traffic
Romania, Other initiatives or policies |
22 February 2023 |
PRIMERO - application for monitoring children coming from Ukraine
Romania, Other initiatives or policies |
12 January 2022 Updated |
Together Again National Program
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
12 January 2022 Updated |
Helpline for teachers and students
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
05 January 2022 |
Adaptation courses for Ukrainian children aged 3 to 15
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Promoting the economic, labour market and social recovery |
30 October 2020 Updated |
National Social Package: stimulating youth employment
Netherlands, Other initiatives or policies |
16 July 2020 Updated |
Tourism voucher
Poland, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 July 2021 |
Summer business package to boost economy and holiday activities
Denmark, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
Responses to inflation |
30 September 2022 |
Support package for families with children
Finland, Other initiatives or policies |
13 September 2022 |
Extraordinary support to children and large families
Portugal, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
07 September 2022 |
Financial support for substitute child care providers
Slovakia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
05 September 2022 |
One-time child benefit
Czechia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
09 May 2022 Updated |
Child bonus 2022 to cushion pressures on families from rising energy prices
Germany, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
21 February 2023 |
Humanitarian aid subsidy for social services
Slovakia, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
17 February 2023 |
Support for public transport for children, students and pensioners
Bulgaria, Other initiatives or policies |
13 February 2023 |
Increased monthly allowance for families with children
Germany, Legislations or other statutory regulations |
01 February 2023 |
‘Back to school’ lump-sum grant for children 4 to 18 years old
Cyprus, Other initiatives or policies |
30 January 2023
Governments across the EU continue to implement policies to support citizens and businesses in the face of rising food and energy prices caused by the COVID-19 crisis and intensified by the war in Ukraine. This article summarises the policy responses as reported in Eurofound's EU PolicyWatch database from January to September 2022.
Article12 September 2022
Although the worldwide pandemic situation had already disrupted supply chains and triggered increases in energy and food prices in 2021, the situation deteriorated in 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Article12 September 2022
This article summarises the first policy responses that governments across the EU have started to implement to support companies affected by the rising prices, and those with commercial ties to Ukraine, Russia or Belarus.
Article5 July 2022
This article summarises the first policy responses of EU Member States, including those of the social partners and other civil society actors, enabling refugees to exercise their rights under the Temporary Protection Directive.
ArticleDisclaimer: This information has not been subject to the full Eurofound evaluation, editorial and publication process.